The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition by N: How you format the footnote
B: How you format the entry in the bibliography (at the end of the paper)
The Chicago Manual of Style presents two basic documentation systems:
The notes and bibliography system is mostly used in the humanities, and uses footnotes within the paper, with a bibliography at the end. This is the system shown in the examples used in this guide.
The author-date system is sometimes used in the physical, natural, and social sciences. See the Manual for more information and examples.
N: 1. Robert W. Gutman, Mozart: A Cultural Biography (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1999), 41.
B: Gutman, Robert W. Mozart: A Cultural Biography. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1999.
N: 7. Randolph Hock and Gary Price, The Extreme Searcher's Internet Handbook: A Guide for the Serious Searcher (Medford: CyberAge Books, 2004), 93-4.
B: Hock, Randolph, and Gary Price. The Extreme Searcher's Internet Handbook: A Guide for the Serious Searcher. Medford: CyberAge Books, 2004.
N: 6. Robert F. Willson, Jr., "William Shakespeare's Theater," in The Greenwood Companion to Shakespeare: A Comprehensive Guide for Students (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2005), 52-3.
B: Willson, Jr., Robert F. "William Shakespeare's Theater." In The Greenwood Companion to Shakespeare: A Comprehensive Guide for Students, edited by Joseph Rosenblum, 47-64. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2005.
N: 1. Carolyn Simmons and Karen Becker-Olsen, "Achieving Marketing Objectives through Social Sponsorships," Journal of Marketing 70, no. 4 (2006): 161.
B: Simmons, Carolyn, and Karen Becker-Olsen. "Achieving Marketing Objectives through Social Sponsorships." Journal of Marketing, 70, no. 4 (2006): 154-169.
N: 3. Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., The Founders' Constitution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/ (accessed June 27, 2023).
B: Kurland, Philip B., and Ralph Lerner, eds. The Founders' Constitution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/. Also available in print form and as a CD-ROM.
N: 17. Trevor M. Thomas, "Wales: Land of Mines and Quarries," Geographical Review 46, no. 1 (1956): 71, http://www.jstor.org/.
B: Thomas, Trevor M. "Wales: Land of Mines and Quarries." Geographical Review 46, no. 1 (1956): 59-81. http://www.jstor.org/.
N: 13. "Internet Weather Source," National Weather Service, http://www.nws.noaa.gov/.
B: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. "NOAA's National Weather Service." U.S. Dept. of Commerce. http://www.nws.noaa.gov/ (accessed January 17, 2023).
Ideally, you should track down, read, and cite the original source. If that isn't possible, cite both the original source and the source where you found the original in your footnote:
1. Louis Zukofsky, "Sincerity and Objectification," Poetry 37 (February 1931): 269, quoted in Bonnie Costello, Marianne Moore: Imaginary Possessions (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981), 78.
For a source with more than three authors, provide the first author's name followed by et al., with no comma between the name and et al.
If there are four to ten authors, all names are listed in the bibliography. Invert the first name only, and a comma must appear both before and after the first author's given name or initials. Use the conjunction "and" (not an ampersand). For more than ten authors, list the first seven authors, followed by et al. as in the footnotes.
